The Importance Of Effective Teamwork On Teamwork - 2109 Words

In Organizations, the importance of effective teamwork cannot be understated. Teamwork, as defined by Merriam-Webster is the work done by several associates with each doing a part but all subordinating personal prominence to the efficacy as a whole. Therefore, the need for people within organizations to be able to pair up and work together to achieve common goals (or a common goal, with single purpose teams) is a highly valued need and one of the basic tasks for any manager within a hierarchy to bring about as establishing effective teamwork offers more creative and efficient ways to solve strategic business problems (Matthews Mclees, 2015). There are many concepts in the study of management that provide guidance to Managers in ensuring success in teamwork projects. This essay will explore three of these concepts; Motivation, Leadership, Group and Team Design/Building in depth, evaluating their usefulness to managers and discussing the extent to which they can be successful in bring ing success on teamwork projects. â€Å"Motivation is a primary factor in whether goals are missed, met or exceeded†¦and it is motivation that decides whether a team is high performing or barely meeting goals† (Yoke, 2006). Therefore, motivation concepts can be used by managers to inspire employees in a group to get the best out of them on a project (Campo, 2014). In discussing motivation as a viable tool in teamwork projects, managers must find a balance between extrinsic and intrinsicShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Teamwork And Effective Communication880 Words   |  4 PagesTeamwork and effective communication are essential for patients to receive safe, quality care. The goal of healthcare workers are to communicate information in an effective and timely manner which in turn helps staff work as a team and coordinate care for patients. This was demonstrated effectively when Gary communicated the change in Mrs. Everett’s mental status. Failure to work as a team and convey pertinent patient information can cause harm and even death to patients. Video #2 showed howRead MoreThe Importance Of Teamwork And An Effective Individual Achievement Toward Organizational Purpose1536 Words   |  7 Pages Teamwork is said to be the capability to work as one. The power to direct individual achievement toward organizational purpose. It is a drive that permits average people to reach unattainable tasks, making the impossible possible. In order for a team to be effective, it has to be composed of the right mix of people, the correct attitude and the same goal. According to one of my favourite authors and political activists, Helen Keller, states that â€Å"Alone we can do so little, together we can do soRead MoreTeamwork in Health Care1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Teamwork in Health Care The Importance of Teamwork in Health Care From an early age we are instilled the importance of teamwork. The lessons may come from a soccer field, a classroom group project, or even a song on Sesame Street. Regardless of our future careers, we are all likely to experience some sort of teamwork requirement, even if it is as simple as getting along with your co-workers. Teams working in a hospital or other healthcare setting may consist of severalRead MoreChapter1-Introduction. Existing Studies Focus On The Impact1030 Words   |  5 PagesChapter1-Introduction Existing studies focus on the impact of teamwork and productivity on implementing, quality improvement. For example developing a culture within the work place where teamwork is a vital necessity can significantly improve performance, effectiveness, efficiency, morale, job satisfaction, unity of purpose, communications, innovative thinking, quality, speed in getting things done, and loyalty to an organization (Warrick, 2014). In corporate America, superiority and personal recognitionRead MoreConcept Analysis : Walker And Avant1031 Words   |  5 Pageswriters communicating in a common language. The Walker and Avant’s method used in the concept analysis of concept of teamwork. Teamwork is the most important factor to deliver the most effective care to patients all over the world. The importance of teamwork emphasized in different documents (Xyrichis Ream, 2008). Moreover, a recent IOM publication warns that reduced teamwork amongst healthcare professionals delays the provision of appropriate and safe patient care (IOM 2000). Poor communicationRead MoreEvaluate the Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization for Business1101 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Title: How can effective teamwork in organisations make business more profitable? Nowadays, most of the organizations try to develop some kind of teamwork in their businesses. Teamwork originated in workplaces, since people began to operate collectively through organisations. Over the years various rules, ideas, practices and theories that constitute the evolution of teamwork and management have developed. Teamwork can be considered one of the oldest human activities. The ancient ChineseRead MoreApplication Of Concept Analysis For Clinical Practice1149 Words   |  5 Pagesand writers communicating in a common language. The Walker and Avant’s method used in the concept analysis of concept of teamwork. Teamwork is the most important factor to deliver the most effective care to patients all over the world. The importance of teamwork emphasized in different documents (Xyrichis Ream, 2008). Moreover, a recent IOM publication warns that reduced teamwork amongst healthcare professionals delays the provision of appropriate and safe patient care (IOM 2000). Poor communicationRead MoreTransferable Skills in workplace1508 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpersonal group-working and communication skills in analyzing and solving problems (Cameron, 2008:19). So whether students could gain transferable skills in the university has become a major factor of developing a career after their graduation. Importance of transferable skills Browsing want advertisements, it can be easily found that most of companies are looking for employees who have transferable skills involved in: passions towards working, responsibility, communication skills, team-workingRead MoreThe Impact of Technology in Developing Effective Teamwork in Organizations1147 Words   |  5 PagesDeveloping Effective Teamwork in Organizations: Teamwork is one of the most important elements for the effectiveness of an organization in achieving its goals because people are an essential building block of total quality management within the organization. Actually, the main responsibility of the achievement of quality lies with the individual or group carrying out the organizational activities and processes. The importance of teamwork in an organization is evident in the fact that the complexityRead MoreHcs 325 Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesWeek - 3 Importance of Teams Murugareddy Pattiputtur University of Phoenix HCS/325 Dawn Sienkiewicz November 10, 2012 Abstract Teams are formed when individuals with a common taste, preference, liking, and attitude come and work together for a common goal. Teams play a very important role in organizations as well as our personal lives. Teamwork is essential for competing in todays global arena, where individual perfection is not as desirable as a high level of collective performance

Accounting 3200 Midterm Exam Essay - 2288 Words

Accounting 3200 Midterm Exam, Term 3 - Chapters 1 - 5 and 17 1,7, Questions #1, 6 and 9 are SIX points each. Questions #2 and 7 are FIVE points each. Question #3 is TEN points. Questions #4 and 5 are EIGHT points each. Question #8 is TWELVE points. Question #10 is SIXTEEN points. Question #11 is EIGHTEEN points. BE SURE TO SHOW ALL SUPPORTING COMPUTATIONS. NO COMPUTATIONS = NO POINTS IF ANSWER IS WRONG. Version: HMT03midon 1) Describe management accounting and financial accounting. Managerial accounting is more for internal users. Internal users like CEO, CFO, Managers want accounting information for special purpose, the accounting information can be very detail, It is for future decisions. It doesn’t have to be written by GAAP. It†¦show more content†¦A 15% discount is given when two tires are purchased at one time. During the busy months, selling prices per tire average $60. The president of Auto Tires is somewhat displeased with the companys management accounting system because the cost behavior patterns displayed by the monthly breakeven charts are inconsistent; the busy months charts are different from the other months of the year. The president is never sure if the company has a satisfactory margin of safety or if it is just above the breakeven point. Required: a. What is wrong with the accountants computations? a.The Acc system contains some basic assumptions about CVP model that do not hold for Auto Tire. The CVP model needs cost revenue to be linear. In busy season, Auto Tires has costs and revenues that work inversely than during Not-busy-seasons. The revenue line goes down with the average selling price per tire falling from $75 to $60. The variable costs line possibly goes up with the extra hour workers being added to the work force. b. How can the information be presented in a better format for the president? B.The CPA should be wanting to present two information concerning the revenue and cost behaviors of the Auto tire. one for the busy season and one for not busy seasons. It will show that while the breakeven during the busy seasons. marginal income goes up because of increased sales 5) Alex Miller, Inc., sells car batteries to service stations for an average of $30 each. TheShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesundergraduate statistics education. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and an elected member of the International Statistics Institute. Roxy has recently completed ï ¬ ve years as the Chief Reader for the Advanced Placement Statistics Exam and currently chairs the American Statistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy

Complex Project Management for Challenges - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theComplex Project Management for Values and the Challenges. Answer: Controlling Chaos: The value and the challenges of applying complexity theory to project management In a complex project, it is impossible to predict the outcomes of the system. The success of the project is not evaluated from one perspective at one time. Therefore, a forewarning system is developed to alert the key stakeholders about the facts into the project. The system identifies the three levels of project outcomes and assesses over differentiate the time frames. Evaluation of the ongoing success and failure of the project during the project lifecycle is done by the forewarning system. Evaluation of success criteria of the project is taken into consideration on perspectives of the stakeholders groups (Cooke-Davies 2011). The stakeholders propose assessment of the success factors of the project and level of complexity is critical to determine the outcome. The success factors predict the outputs like performance, cost, time and quality. The stakeholders should link success and failure factors by collecting of project data. They measure the dimensions of project complexity and measure the project that lead to performance indicators. In this way feedback is implemented into the project and portfolio environment. In order to determine the outcomes of the project, the data are collected on performance against both schedule as well as cost at current milestone (Cicmil et al. 2017). The stakeholder groups also collect data on change orders so that proper change management plan is to be done. During the project lifecycle, the project managers evaluation of stakeholder approval is compared with the evaluation of project success as well as failure factors which lead to performance indicators. References Cicmil, S., Cooke-Davies, T., Crawford, L. and Richardson, K., 2017, April. Exploring the complexity of projects: Implications of complexity theory for project management practice. Project Management Institute. Cooke-Davies, T., 2011, August. Aspects of complexity: Managing projects in a complex world. Project Management Institute.

Research Proposal on Organic Food Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Organic Food Paper Organic food is the agricultural food which is produced in natural way without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. With the growth of population the problem of food supply became extremely urgent in the latest decades of the 20th century. The only reasonable way out of such a situation was the reform of the agricultural sector and intensive use of the chemicals and pesticides, which stimulate the growth of vegetables and fruits. Evidently, great among of vegetables can solve the problem of starvation, but the quality of such food is quite poor. From the first sight one will not manage to detect a vegetable raised on chemicals, but when one tries it, he understands the reason. Moreover, high concentration of the extra chemical substances in a vegetable can cause negative effect on the human health. It is obvious that such products are cheap, but they can be quite harmful for people. Evidently, many people started to protest against poor-quality agricultural production and united into the communities which decided to grow only healthy food without the use of any harmful substances and called this food organic. A range of countries, like the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, etc have decided to support the production of organic food. Organic food is considered to be of very high quality which makes it quite expensive for common people. Today, the norm is that organic food is the expensive high-quality healthy food which can be affordable for the rich, and the poor quality fast food and vegetables grown on pesticides are cheap and affordable for everybody. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Organic Food specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Organic Food specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Organic Food specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People have already understood the advantage of consuming organic food which is healthier, tastier and more useful for the organism than the poor quality ‘chemical’ food. A student who is writing an organic food research proposal should devote enough time to the research of the topic to be able to analyze all the advantages and disadvantages of organic food and explain its usefulness to the reader. If a student knows much, he is able to create some new ideas and ways of production of organic food, or even the methods of its growing which can make it more affordable for everyone. In this case a student should complete a good research proposal which can attract the professor’s attention and award him with the chance to conduct a serious investigation of the problem in a research paper. Free sample research proposals on organic food in the web are quite helpful for students who want to improve their writing skills and knowledge on the topic. Due to the work and creativity of the professional writers a student can read a well-organized free example research proposal on organic food and learn everything about structures, formatting, analysis and convincing manner of writing, which can be the key of success in the process of writing. *** NOTE! As far as you know free sample research proposals and examples about Organic Food are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Organic Food topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Emerging And Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Example

Emerging And Re Emerging And Re Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases The literatures selected for this paper were four: Aziz (2013), CDC (2014), Mitchell et al. (2014) and Walters & Zuckerbraun (2013), and all of them discussed this issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in a hospital setting. The article by Aziz (2013) offers information on the recent guidance for managing C difficile infection plus how nursing care can be optimized so patients can be offered care in a safe and clean environment. CDC (2014), on the other hand, offers updated info concerning Ebola virus disease EVD to clinicians working in U.S. health clinics and hospitals, with a main purpose of helping them prevent further spread of the disease while working on Ebola patients. Mitchell et al. (2014) discuss the duty of the nurse in each of these prevention and control CDI such as early instigation and maintenance of control and prevention methods, appropriate antibiotic use, and education, high standards of environmental cleanliness and surveillance. Finally, Walters & Zuckerbraun (2013) also offers guidance for managing C difficile infection plus how nursing care can be optimized so patients can be offered care in a safe and clean environment.Such articles imply that nurses will be better equipped to tackle infections that emerge and re-emerge in the hospital setting when they trying to deal with patients. However, nurses will be required to play their part and undertake further training in order to be in a better position to tackle such kinds of infections. The role of BSN nurses in preventing and managing nosocomial infections is to utilize the knowledge and skills of nursing practice and can facilitate patient recovery whereas minimizing complications linked to the infections. They can give other nurses basic strategies they need for assuring positive patient outcomes for such patients.ReferencesAziz, A. (2013). Nursing management of Clostridium diffici le infection. Nurse Prescribing, 11(1), 21-27.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2014). Ebola virus disease: Information for healthcare workers and settings. Retrieved from cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/index.html?s_cid=cs_4318Mitchell, B. G. et al. (2014). Clostridium difficile infection: nursing considerations. Nursing Standard, 28(47), 43-48.Walters, P. R. & Zuckerbraun, B. S. (2013). Clostridium difficile infection clinical challenges and management strategies. Critical Care Nurse, 34(4), 24-34.

Explain how the electron microscope has affected our knowledge of cell form and structure Essay Example

Explain how the electron microscope has affected our knowledge of cell form and structure Essay Example Explain how the electron microscope has affected our knowledge of cell form and structure Essay Explain how the electron microscope has affected our knowledge of cell form and structure Essay Electrons are generated in an electron gun, which applies a high voltage of about 100,000 volts through a filament called a tungsten filament. The filament is heated to above 3000 degrees Kelvin, which is roughly 3273 degrees Celsius. Applying an increasing negative voltage to a cathode assembly, which is located just above an anode plate, accelerates the electrons. The anode plate has a tiny hole in its centre, the electron beam is sent through this hole creating a very concentrated beam of electrons. This beam is focused using magnetic coils that act like the condenser lenses that you find on a light microscope. The specimen is on a plate just above a second magnetic coil, which acts as an objective lens. The objective lens resolves the structure and magnifies it slightly. Focusing the specimen can be achieved by altering the electric current through the lens. More magnetic coils act as projector lenses, which enlarge the image. All specimens in electron microscopy are placed in a vacuum, this means that all specimens must be dead. All specimens must be in a vacuum chamber because the electrons would be deflected by particles in the air and so would not give a clear picture. (A sheet has been attached at the back, which shows the structure of an electron microscope). The transmission electron microscope takes a section of a specimen and passes electrons through it. But first the specimen must go through 5 stages of preparation. 1. Fixation and dehydration using alcohol. 2. Embedding in resin which is hardened in an oven. 3. Sectioning using an ultramicrotome and a glass knife. 4. Mounting on a copper grid to give support (electrons cannot pass through glass). 5. Staining using heavy metal stains to improve contrast. Another way of preparing slides is to use the freeze fracture technique. The specimen is frozen using liquid Nitrogen. The specimen is then hit with e chisel, which causes the specimen to break along the line of least resistance. This way allows surface detail to be seen. Not all specimens need to be sectioned, viruses and large molecules are thin enough to be examined without needing to be sectioned in any way. These stages may induce artefacts to be present in the electronmicrograph. Artefacts are features which can be observed in cells prepared for microscopy which do not appear in real life, they can be caused by disruption in the cell. The image can be viewed on a fluorescent screen. The image is black and white unless the specimen has been stained to produce a colour picture. Micrographs are prepared by allowing the electrons to fall on photographic paper. Scanning electron microscopes only produce a scan of the surface of a cell, it cannot penetrate the interior of the cell. The electrons are bounced of the specimen instead of passing through it. This procedure will give a 3D image of the specimen. This can be useful when looking at virus or bacterial cells. If we wish to study a particular organelle, we do not have to study the entire cell under a microscope to do so, using cell fractionation and centrifugation, we can separate the different organelles from each other and so we can study them separately. Cell fractionation allows us to view the activities of organelles without interference from all other reactions taking place in the cell. First the tissue is finely chopped up and then it is placed in a cold isotonic buffer so that the cells and organelles are distorted as little as possible. The cells are then broken open using a homogeniser. A homogeniser is a mini blender that is able to fit down a boiling tube. The finished product once the tissue has been homogenised is called homogenate. The homogenate is then filtered to remove any cells, which have not been broken open. The homogenate is transferred to a centrifuge. Centrifugation is used to separate different organelles from each other. The cell homogenate is spun at different speeds and times. As the homogenate is spun, the parts of the cell begin to separate out to produce a pellet of components in the bottom of the tube. The homogenate, which does not become part of the pellet is called the supernatant. The supernatant can then be poured off and the contents spun again at increasing speeds and times to cause more organelles and cell components to separate from each other. The nuclei will separate out first, followed by mitochondria, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Microsomes, ER and ribosomes. These specimens can be prepared as normal and studied using electron microscopy When studying cells and their components, electron microscopes are preferred to light microscopes for many different reasons. Light microscopes can only be used if the magnification is under x1500 whereas an electron microscope can magnify images will above x1500. Electron microscopes have a resolution power of 2nm, light microscopes can only distinguish two objects apart if they are 2?m apart. If you were to increase the magnification of an image on an electron microscope, the image would become clearer, but if you did the same with a light microscope, the image would blur. Because of these three facts, the only things visible with a light microscope are nuclei and cell walls and membranes, electron microscopes give us the ability of seeing all organelles, which make up a cell. Without these advances in microscopy, we would not be able to see the ultra structure of cells, or even know if it existed. Nor would we know what purpose they had within the cell. We would not know that mitochondria have a double membrane, with the inner one folded into cristae. Or that it is the site of ATP synthesis and contains its own circular strands of DNA. Granted we may have been able to come to the conclusion that the nucleus controlled the cell reactions, but we would not know what carried out those reactions. If we didnt have electron microscopes we would not know that bacteria and single celled organisms are different from other cells. Without electron microscopy, we would not know what happened to obsolete cells, they would appear to vanish! Because of this technology we now know a great deal about what happens within a cell, and what role cells play in our lives.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Marketing - Essay Example Carpenter (2004) highlights the definition of marketing given by American Marketing Association in his article. Marketing is defined as "an organizational function and set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders" (Carpenter, 2004). Carpenter means that marketing deals with customer relationships and the process involves creation of products, their communication and then their delivery to the customers. Donald (2004) defines marketing as not an advertising campaign but some function that deal with consumer touch points, brand values and attributes that are communicated. Therefore, for Donald, marketing is not just advertising but a whole procedure that involves the consumers, the product and its features. Marketing covers all the point mentioned by Donald. Marketing is done about products for consumers so that the products can be availed by consumers because of the attributes and brand values of the products. Marketing is an important function of an organization or business setup and this factor cannot be negated that the businesses operating all around the globe are able to reach to the general public by means of their marketing functionalities. Marketing is an activity that enables all the businesses to make the people know what is in their hands for the people and how can it fulfill the needs of people. Planning is also very crucial for the success of a marketing campaign. Through marketing plans, the organizations are able to attain information about their competitors, strengths and weaknesses of their products and much more (Pophal, 2000). Every day we see unlimited advertisements in the newspapers, on the internet, on television, in the form of banners and by many other means in which, we notice that the products or services that are monitored are

Joint Venture entry mode of Marks and Spencer in China Essay

Joint Venture entry mode of Marks and Spencer in China - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that entering into a new market has been commonly accounted as one of the major challenges faced by companies seeking the benefits of internationalization market expansion. In its course to diversify in the global plethora, the company needs to deal with many barriers including cross-border trade regulations, cultural paradoxes and various other socio-economic factors that are deemed to influence business operations in the targeted host country. Contextually, entering into the market of China also posed considerable challenges to Marks & Spencer (M&S), which is a renowned British multinational retail chain. Critics have thereon argued that it is fundamentally owing to lack of market understanding and appropriate strategies adopted by companies to mark its failure in Asian countries like China. Several challenges and problems encompass the entry of M&S in the market of China. With the opening of their first outlet in the Chinese market, the company experienced a dip in its performance, which was accounted as considerably lower than the expected level in the Chinese market. The outlets opened by M&S, at the initial phases of its operations in the Mainland China, failed to satisfy the needs of the Chinese local customers owing to the company’s lacuna to identify customers’ preferences in the market and offer services accordingly. For instance, the M&S stores were unable to provide garments of smaller sizes, as preferred by the customers in China. (Wood, 2012). Reportedly, the supply chain of the company was also lacking its usual effectiveness, which further inhibited the reputation of the company in the Chinese market, at its introductory phase. Additionally, it was also known that the management of the retail chain was implementing its strategic experiences gained from its operations in Hong Kong, irrespective of the fact that the consumer buying behaviour are found to be considerably distinct in these two regions. This again depicts the lack of market survey of the company taking into account the tastes and preferences of customers in the host country (China Retail News, 2009). In addition, the decisions taken by the company for not collaborating with any of the local firms in China, i.e. ignoring the benefits of JV also barricaded the utmost efficiency of its strategies by restricting the cooperation of local firms to a certain extent. It was thus considered as a mistake made by M&S, which retarded its smooth entry in the Chinese market. However the company focused on concentrating on its size and range of services offered to the Chinese customers as its major Unique Selling Propositions (USPs). Subsequently, the first shop of the company was opened in the Mainland and was propounded to be one of the biggest shopping centres in Asia. Nonetheless, this decision of the company came as a surprise for many investors in the stock market, as opening of the store came just after the global economic turmoil that kept investors wondering regarding the finances of M&S. It has also been noted that competition level from the local marketers were observed to be quite h igh in this area, as the local retailers are more competent in serving the customers in the market providing products preferred by customers of lower age groups and lower income groups. On the contrary, it would be vital to mention that the products

An ironical due process system Essay Example for Free

An ironical due process system Essay More often than not, we get to see or read the news. We get to glance at the headlines or top stories. After that, we often come away with a feeling of sadness or revolt in us. We feel that due process has often not been served in the events that we witness in the news. But is the statement of due process advocates right? That it is better to let ten people go free rather than convict one innocent person correct? In this light, I do agree with the statement, that we should set free â€Å"guilty† people rather than convict an innocent man. The statement seems to be noble and even speaks of a time that the system of justice will be perfect in meting out justice in our society. But that time is not now, guilty people get off scot-free and innocent people are sent to jail. Am I confusing one with the other? Let us clarify the answer. The system that we have right now may not be the perfect system. Yes, for all its faults, it is not perfect, but it is the only system that we have (FreeLawAnswer, 2007). Convicting an innocent man would be a miscarriage of justice, the thing the system wants to avert. Yes, it fails at times, but we should believe in the system, unless chaos and anarchy runs amuck. In the final analysis, in agreeing with the statement, it is still better to let ten or more guilty people go then convict an innocent man. But in agreeing with it, I still believe that these guilty people are still within arms reach of the justice system. Maybe they will not pay their dues here, but they will pay it, one way or another. We must believe that if they escape the justice system here, definitely they will not escape the justice system of the next life. But is it like that that guilty people can escape here and innocent people will be victims of an imperfect system? Maybe, but again, we must believe that we would rather have a system that is not perfect but in place rather than not have one at all. Reference FreeLawAnswer. (2007). Would you rather set 10 guilty people free rather than convict an innocent person. Retrieved February 13, 2008, from FreeLawAnswers website. http://www. freelawanswer. com/law/1146-3-law-4. html

Clown :: essays research papers

Clown a performer, usually in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  circus, who plays the fool,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  performs practical jokes, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  does tricks to make people   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  laugh. Other names for clowns   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  are buffoon, jester, fool,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conjurer, mirthmaker, tumbler,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  gleeman, mime, actor, harlequin, merry counselor, comic, and puppeteer. E ven though there are many types of clowns, each clown develops a face, meaning a personality. A clown’s face, once created, becomes the clown’s unique personal property. Whiteface The oldest type of clown is the whiteface, which   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dates back to the 18th century. The white color of the face  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   was first done with flour. White lead replaced flour,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   but in the 1880s, when lead was discovered to be   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  poisonous, safer greasepaints were found. The  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  whiteface clown evolved from earlier whiteface theatrical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  entertainers. One of the most popular whiteface characters   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in history is Harlequin, a comic personality in the Italian theater form commedia dell’arte. English actor John Rich, who performed in the early and mid-18th century, was the most famous Harlequin of his time. After the mid-18th century, the clown gradually replaced the Harlequin character. English entertainer Joseph Grimaldi played an instrumental role in this shift. Still today you can find clowns which will do the whitefaced act but you would have to look along way to find anything also the whitefaced clown does not use the grease paint the use a type of make-up which is thick and very rich in color and you can find it all over the place. CharacterI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early 20th century a third category of characterization developed from the so-called carpet clown, who performed short, solo routines between circus acts. These character clowns, as they are known today, include any clown who has a unique routine and who usually works alone or without a partner in a large group. The character clown is the most realistic of the clown types. Character clowns make fun of different features of the human face through exaggeration, including beards, whiskers, warts, large noses, bald heads, and strange haircuts. The most popular character is the hobo or tramp clown, which is probably the only clown type originally developed in the United States. The development of the tramp clown, however, owes much of its inspiration to English actor Charlie Chaplin. During his career, Chaplin played the part of the “Little Tramp'; in many motion pictures. Two other famous tramp clowns are Otto Griebling and Emmett Kelly, close friends who performed in the early and mid-20th century.

Research Proposal Outline Essay

Research Proposal Outline Literature Review a. What was the topic of your literature review? Media violence and its effects on children In 1 paragraph, review the overall findings in this field, based on your literature review.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Large numbers of studies have suggested the media violence has bad effect on child’s psychological development.   The media can be used as an effective tool in teaching & developing sound habits in children through parental guidance & proper planning of the medium’s people. Parents need to satisfy the child’s confusion regarding fantasies shown on TV so they can learn to critique what they view. â€Å"According to the Office of the Surgeon General, children are theoretically more susceptible to behavioral influences when they are active participants than when they are observers.†( cited in Education Encyclopedia, 2007) Children associate themselves easily to a character they see on TV. A discussion with 8-10 year olds about who they wanted to be like, perceived that they are most influenced by unrealistic characters who are portrayed as braver & stronger than real people. Unfortunately, this fact was augmented for negative characters than positive ones.    Anxieties resulting from excessive violence viewing can pilot physical ailments in children & adults alike. The September 11th events were highlighted by the media; preschoolers reacted to the situation by showing emotional distress over the blood & bodies showed on national TV, elementary school students created ideas of their own & feeling scared for their own family’s wellbeing by watching the attack. Teenagers were most concerned for the victims & realized the effects of the calamity. Research Design Issues a. What is your research question?   What are the effects of media violence on child’s psychological development? What are your hypotheses? Violence shown in media can have bad affect on child’s psychological development and can result in various psychological problems and social problems.   Ã‚   Advertising &entertainment industries are a booming business but it can be used to incorporate positive information to the masses. It represents the culture & spirit of the respective country to the rest of the world & must not be used casually. Parents & teachers should come up with strategies to create a sense of understanding in the children from an early age.   The parents should realize what effects the movies & content on TV are having on their children & try to minimize TV viewing at home level. Some ways that may be incorporated by parents to limit children’s revelation to violence are: Restricting & keeping a check on what their children view on TV Discussing the programs with older children or young adults to clear their minds of any confusion & help them in expressing their opinions. Start a family oriented time by going for picnics, organizing a special lunch or dinner. Allow the children to watch TV for a selected time period & only programs that are desirable for their viewing. Offer criticism on TV channels & sponsors for showing in appropriate programs or content so as to force them to use proper censorship. What kind of research design will you use? (Include the aspects of research design discussed in class). Aka longitudinal, cross-sectional, etc†¦ We would prefer a longitudinal research design. Participants a. What kind of participants will be in your study (ages, gender, ethnicity, SES, other important characteristics)? The study will be done on children of age between 5-12 of both sexes and parents of age between 30-50 years of any ethnicity. How would you characterize this sample (ex. Representative, oversampling, within-group)? The sample is within-group. How many participants (if there are 2 or more groups-how many in each group)? Two groups of children and one group of parents and one group of teachers will be formed. Group A and A1 will be of children and group B will be of parents, and group B1 will be of teachers. Children group will have 48 participants and parents group will have 44 participants. Group A will be the group of normal children, while Group A1 of those with violent attitude and behavior. How will you recruit your participants (if there are 2 or more groups, describe for each group)? We’ll contact schools and talk with the administration to allow us take surveys from children and teachers. Children will be asked several questions regarding their activities at home and school. Teachers will be asked about the performance and behavior of students at school. What will you control for if you have more than 1 group of participants? Control group will include those children who have normal attitude and behavior and do not suffer from any psychological or social problem. Measures a. List the variables you will measure.   (Be specific and use your hypotheses as a guide.) Variables Number/name of violent movies viewed Number/name of cartoons viewed per day Number/name of shows viewed per day How will you measure these variables? (Give specific names of measures, or if you are developing your own measure, briefly describe it). Statistics ANOVA will be used to measure variables. State which participants will complete which measures (ex. Parents will fill out the Child Behavior Checklist; children will be observed in the Strange Situation). Children will be asked about their activities at home and school and the number of movies, shows and cartoons they watch per day. Parents will be asked about child’s behavior at home and social meetings. Teachers will be asked about child’s behavior at school and performance in studies. Procedures a. Describe your interview procedures (when, where, and how).   If you are doing a longitudinal study, you need to describe this for each assessment period. Assessment period of 4 months Three different questionnaires will be prepared for each group, children, parents and teachers. Interviews will be conducted at school in the afternoon for children and evening for teachers after they are free from class teaching. Are you compensating your participants? If so, how much? If you are doing a longitudinal study, you need to describe this for each time period. Gifts will be distributed among children after they take survey and give true information. For each survey gifts will be presented. If you are doing a longitudinal study, you need to describe how you will track your participants between assessment periods. Each participants contact number will be taken on first consent of participating in the study. Each participant will be provided with one telephone and mobile number of the research for easy contact and communication.

The Adventures of Lewis Carroll’s Alice

From a young age Charles Dodgson’s fondness for writing was already made apparent. He had made several contributions to some national publications in England as well as to two local publications in Oxford (Karoline 31). It was in one of his contributions to the latter where he used the pseudonym by which he would be remembered: Lewis Carroll. It took some time before Carroll finally came out with a published version of his manuscript for Alice in Wonderland. Among other things Carroll was also a mathematician and a deacon in his church (Collingwood 22-23).These occupations contributed to the delay in publication of the classic story of Alice. After its release and widespread acclaim however, it wasn’t long before Carroll published its sequel, Through the Looking Glass. The two texts have been popularized as children’s literature. However, closer analyses by critics have brought forth a string of explanations accounting for the uncommon descriptions and images in the texts. Regardless of the circumstances surrounding the creation of the stories, it cannot be denied that the same were written for the enjoyment and benefit of children.Controversies Surrounding Alice The zeitgeist during the release of Alice in Wonderland was one of drug abuse resistance and a counter-culture of dependence on psychedelic substances. Such an air led scholars to deconstruct the text based on the prevalent norms in society. It was easy for scholars to relate Alice’s mushroom-eating and herb-use to regular pot sessions. Some scholars have claimed that the imageries in the story are akin to the hallucinations experienced when under the influence of addictive substances.From these factual circumstances arose the belief that Carroll himself was under the influence at the time that he wrote the text or that he was a habitual user. However, there is no evidence to show that at any point in his life Carroll was involved in drug abuse. There is evidence to support however that Carroll may have been ill thus prompting the hyperbolic descriptions in Alice in Wonderland and its sequel. It was observed that Carroll documented suffering from severe migraines which most often affected the ill person by skewing his or her perspective, such as making objects appear bigger then they actually were (Carroll 52).It is surmised that Lewis Carroll suffered from such an affliction all his life and thus the vivid imagery in his popular texts. The disease has now become popularly known as the Alice in Wonderland Syndrome or, medically, micropsia and macropsia. This is a neurological disease which affects visual perception in humans causing illusions in size, shape and color (Cinibis and Aysun 316). Some scholars have attributed the creativity in Carroll’s text to the fact that he was ailing from this disease.As regards the text Through the Looking Glass, critics have unanimously categorized the same as nonsense literature. It is not hard to imagine why , what with the text’s deconstruction of norms and the topsy turvy manner by which the text upends unquestioned customs – such as telling time for example. More than anything however, the text is a clear presentation on a play of words and wit. The Real Alice The first and strongest argument that Carroll’s stories were written simply for children to enjoy is an inspection of the life of Carroll. It has already been mentioned that Carroll was a deacon in his church.This paved the way to his acquaintance with a little girl who sparked the creation of his children’s masterpiece. In her text, The Real Alice, Clarks shows that sometime in 1855 Carroll met the Liddell family whose head, Henry Liddell, was the dean of Christ Church in Oxford. Because of his acquaintance with Henry Liddell, Carroll in turn became acquainted with Henry’s children. Alice Liddell was one of three girls belonging to the Liddell family. Carroll was quite fond of children and he often took the Liddell children to picnics and boat rides where he regaled the children with stories and make-believes.It was on one such occasion that Alice asked Carroll to tell them a story and the ensuing tale is what is known today as Alice in Wonderland. Although Carroll had told the children other stories prior to this particular one, the difference this time was that Alice Liddell had asked him to write down the story for her. Several pieces of evidence show that indeed Alice Liddell was the model, or at least the inspiration, for Carroll’s Alice. One of the strongest proofs is that Carroll actually dedicated the book to Alice Liddell thus demonstrating that Alice played a part in its completion.If it were merely a sign of the close relationship that he shared with the Liddell children, then Carroll should have dedicated the book to all of them and not just to one in particular. Moreover, a poem in Through the Looking Glass reveals an acrostic spelling out the name o f Alice Pleasance Liddell. Although Carroll himself admitted using acrostics to spell out the names of young ladies with whom he was acquainted, the appearance of Alice Liddell’s name in both his books is quite significant.No other acquaintance of his was mentioned in both Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. Certainly it was more than just the similarity in names of his friend and his protagonist that prompted him to spell out Alice’s name in the sequel of his story. There is also evidence showing that Carroll set the story on dates significant to Alice Liddell. The first story was set on May 4, Alice’s birthday, and the second story was set on November 4, Alice’s half-birthday (Wikipedia Alice Liddell). Carroll certainly went out of his way to allude to such significant dates in both his stories.Furthermore, when the fictional Alice stated her age it reflected the actual age Alice Liddell would have been at that time. Certainly that too co uld not have been mere coincidence. Although Carroll denied any association between his writings and Alice Liddell, the subtle hints that he planted in the story speak for themselves. A possible cause for the denial might have been the intrigue that eventually followed his intimate relationships with children. Karoline Leach first raised such a point in her book, In the Shadow of a Dreamchild, when she attempted to deconstruct the Carroll Myth.In essence, Leach insinuated pedophilia by observing that the relationship Carroll maintained with young girls was unnatural. Of course, with the stature and popularity that Carroll had attained, such statements, though founded with as much proof as other accepted historical facts regarding Carroll, were hotly contested and rebutted. This is not to say however that they have been debunked as such is not the case. Regardless of the relationship between Alice Liddell and Carroll, it is uncontested that the first book was dedicated to Alice Lidde ll while she was still a young child.Above any other proof of motivation, this clear manifestation of intent reflects that the story of Alice in Wonderland was written for the fancies of children. It necessarily follows therefore that its sequel also catered to children’s delights. A Journey into Wonderland Apart from the biographical setting, one may also look at the fictional setting which Carroll developed. The story starts out with a random romp in the woods with a little girl’s closest companion, her pet. It is a dull day and, upon falling into the rabbit hole, Alice finds herself in a refreshing change of scenery.The situation is not unlike the many dull summer’s days wherein children are wont to play make-believe. Wonderland itself is a crayon enlargement of pictures that are commonly drawn by children. The different colored trees and stark colors worn by the characters, both on their clothes and on their furs, shows a child’s easy use of colors. T he scenery in itself has a nursery rhyme quality around it reflecting the target audience it was written for. The contrast in colors is very much the same manner by which children view the world.It is only the adult-world that defines colors by hues of black, gray, and khaki. Such a variety of colors as is seen in Alice’s adventures is the world of young children. The mere fact that children often like to reverse colors in their portrayals of the world around them shows that they enjoy such mismatches. This only serves to reveal the delight they must have felt to have been launched alongside Alice into a world filled with mixtures of colors. Furthermore, the skewed perception of size of objects was entirely in line with the perspective of small children.For children, size is magnified in proportion with their own size. More so, size is magnified in proportion to their understanding of the utility of a particular object. Take for example the larger-than-life portrayal of the c hess board pieces. The game of chess is a game of knowledge and of skill. It is not unlikely therefore that a child would find such a game taxing, particularly so when he or she is free to enjoy the free terrain of nature. Another such example is found in the upturning of the concept of time telling in the story.One of the most difficult things to teach a child is how to tell time. The importance of the long hand, the short hand, and the second hand are sheer mysteries to a child who needs only to keep track whether or not it is night or day outside. The mockery of timepieces in the story is entirely in line with such difficulty. The concept may be refreshing to adult readers but it also allows child readers to completely relate with the story. Apart from the setting, Carroll’s use of characters already familiar to children showed that the story was indeed intended for them.The characters Tweedledee and Tweedledum for example, jump right out of the nursery rhyme to meet Alice in her adventure. This is very significant because to no other audience would these two characters hold strong bearing than to children. The language used in the story is also reflective of the genre for which the texts were intended. To most the language is mere nonsense. But the play of words, particularly in Through the Looking Glass, presents so much more than just play. The manner in which Carroll communicates his feelings with non-words is reflective of the way children themselves attempt to express themselves to adults.For example, in the poem Jabberwocky, Carroll uses the combination of words and the emotions evoked by non-words to paint out a story for his audience. Such mixture of words to express a new feeling or thought is most often observed in children who, for lack of vocabulary, resort to such splicing when the need arises. Furthermore, children often take meaning from the feelings that a particular word arouses in them, particularly so when they don’t know t he meaning of the word. The use of language in the two stories is a play on such psychology of children.Finally, the variety of sounds that Carroll brings to life in his stories presents good exercise for children’s linguistic abilities. The spectrum of sounds that his stories present is good training ground for improved diction and muscle memory for his young readers. Finally, let us examine Alice herself. Alice’s disposition is that of an obedient young girl who is both shocked and amused by the play of the characters she meets. Alice presents the character of a child who has learned to believe the teachings of her elders without fully understanding why she should do so.This very character of Alice persists from her falling into the rabbit hole to her arguing against the disruption of norms. Yet every time that Alice is forced to explain her stands, she finds herself running out of thoughts and words. Such blind obedience is common in children, particularly those sta rting education but not yet fully being taught about the concepts behind the lessons being learned. It is argued that Alice’s adventures had a darker undertone to it, with Alice finding each of her hopes being crushed throughout the story.However, such an observation does not discount the fact that Alice’s story still holds for the benefit of child readers. If nothing more, such an undertone elevates Alice’s story to apply even to young adults. It seems that Alice’s realization that her fantasies and dreams are not always in line with reality and therefore must be discarded shows a coming of age theme in the story. As with most coming of age stories, it is not uncommon that adults themselves find the issues they face being addressed.However, the benefit that children may derive from the story is not undermined because the issues portrayed are particularly addressed to the ones that they themselves face. A Child’s Wonderland Scholars have applied th e themes present in the stories to everyday life of more mature audiences. Moreover, numerous criticisms have been aimed at Carroll’s stories reflecting them to be no more than the products of a hallucinating mind. Despite these judgments regarding the source of the idea of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, it cannot be denied that both pieces have had a tremendous impact on its young readers.There is no doubt that these stories were created primarily for the enjoyment of children and for their beneficial understanding. This intention is the focal key in understanding the disjointed world that Lewis Carroll painted. To most adults and to the scholarly world, an in-depth analysis of the text was needed, particularly so when considering the intellect and the capacity of the man who rendered the same. But it is undeniable that the very reason why Alice’s Adventures are still loved today is borne of a deep affiliation between children and Alice herself.Car roll’s depiction of Alice and her Wonderland embodies the make-believe world that children often find themselves voiceless to express. In his masterpiece, Carroll is not only able to express the world of a child but he is able to impact the viewpoints of adults as well. Works Cited Alice Liddell. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. April 2008. 16 April 2008 . Carroll, Lewis. The Diaries of Lewis Carroll. London: The Lewis Carroll Society, 1993-2007. Carroll, Lewis. The Complete, Fully Illustrated Works.New York: Gramercy Books, 1995. Cinibis, M. , and Aysun, S. â€Å"Alice in Wonderland syndrome as an initial manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus infection. † British Journal of Ophthalmology, 76, 316, 1992. Clark, Anne. The Real Alice. New York: Stein And Day, 1982. Cohen, Morton N. Lewis Carroll: A Biography. London: Macmillan, 1995. Collingwood, Stuart D. The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1898. Leach, Karoline. In the Shadow of the Dreamchild : A New Understanding of Lewis Carroll. London: Peter Owen Publishers, 1999.

Reflection Essay The Span of Life Essay Example

Reflection Essay The Span of Life Essay Example Reflection Essay The Span of Life Paper Reflection Essay The Span of Life Paper Reading Reflection: â€Å"The Span of Life† Reading Reflection: â€Å"The Span of Life† Although only sixteen words long, this poem jumped off the page and into my head, heart, and soul. As I read â€Å"the old dog bark backwards without getting up† (Clugston, 2010, What literature contributes to our lives, para. 11) for the first time, I thought of the literal meaning of the sentence. It’s just an old dog on the floor barking back at something it is bothered by. Then it hits me after I read â€Å"I can remember when he was a pup† (Clugston, 2010, What literature contributes to our lives, para. 11). This is not just about an old dog on the floor. This situation will eventually happen to every single one of us. I then began to imagine myself as an old woman, looking back on my life and what I had made of it. Am I happy with what I have become? Could I have done it any differently? Did I make all the right choices in my life? At this point I can’t change anything, as I am on the way out of the life I have created for myself. I am now having feelings I can’t place words on. So, how does this work of literature cause me to go to such a place in my mind so vividly and powerfully? How do I account for the feelings that I am having? This paper will provide my reflections and insights into the poem â€Å"The Span of Life† by Robert Frost by describing why it caught my interest as the reader, and then evaluating the meaning of the poem using the reader-response approach to literary criticism. This work immediately captured my interest because of the powerful image that Frost creates of an old dog on the floor. I am a dog lover and I have always had them around. I know what an old dog looks like laying on the floor; tired, grey, and frail. Frost has â€Å"given us first a sound picture of the dog near the end of his life† (Wood, 2009, para. 4). With this image I am free to determine what that dog means to me as the reader. In addition, after reading the next line I am completely drawn in by the powerful symbolism that is used to represent the actual span of life that we all shall experience (Clugston, 2010). This is where all the emotions kick in. So, what aspects of this poem make me feel the way that I do about it? The following will describe that process. The reader-response approach to literary criticism focuses on making connections and reflecting on them. In ddition to making connections to a work of literature, the feelings that are felt must be accounted for. According to this approach, I must never solely depend on my feelings and opinions; they must be linked to the literary aspects within the work (Clugston, 2010). This approach offers endless interpretive possibilities by the reader and there is no r ight or wrong way to interpret a literary work (Reader response criticism, 1997). Clugston (2010) suggests that I use â€Å"connecting† questions to help develop a critical analysis of the poem. According to these questions, I should first consider what captured my imagination. As described above, it was simply the powerful imagery and symbolism. Next, I should consider if what I felt was an emotion, a curiosity, or an aspiration. With the particular poem I was overtaken first by curiosity of what this poem could mean, and then by emotion, especially when I sat back and thought about what Frost was trying to convey. Imagining the dog barking backwards I see myself looking into the past. He used that image of the old dog to evoke thoughts and emotions about the â€Å"inevitable life cycle that both the dog and the reader face† (Clugston, 2010, What literature contributes to our lives, para. 4). Now, it must be determined if the above mentioned involves a desire to escape the past or present. In this case, I want to escape both. I don’t want to deal with my death moving forward, and I am questioning what I have done in the past. So, what motivation or change did my connection with this piece of literature create in my thinking and my relationshi ps? â€Å"I can remember when he was a pup† had me thinking about my past and the life I have already lived. Then, I immediately begin thinking about my mortality. Have I lived enough and in a way that I would want to be remembered if I die tomorrow? Do the people that I love know that I do? Moving forward, how can I make my life better? This poem brought about so much thought for me. Now, what connections can I make between this work and others that I have read and do those connections reinforce things I know or add new insights? In this case it was more about adding new insights than connections. With those sixteen short words I was brought into a world that I really have never experienced from the written page. Experiencing the emotions from this work has a lot to do with my life at this time. It was easier for me to relate to death and dying more than I ever have. This poem added new insights to my life more than anything else as is evidenced by all of the above analysis. In conclusion, â€Å"The Span of Life† gripped me, held me close, and brought me to a place in my mind I have never experienced from the written page. This paper provided my reflections and insight into the poem by Robert Frost by describing what caught my interest, and then evaluating the meaning of the poem using the reader-response approach to literary criticism. I look forward to using the reader-response approach in future criticisms, as I highly value the thought process that it encourages. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Reader response criticism. (1997). In the Bloomsbury Dictionary of English Literature. Retrieved from credoreference. com/entry/blit/reader_response_criticism Wood, K. W. (2009, September 30). Poetry analysis: The span of life, by Robert Frost. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from helium. com/items/1601769-sound-supporting- sense-in-frosts-the-span-of-life

Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious

Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious By Maeve Maddox My recent post on cost-effective and cost-efficient garnered a couple of emails from readers who suggested that I might not be aware that effective and efficient have different meanings. Despite the difference between the words effective and efficient when used alone, once the word cost is added to them to produce cost-effective and cost-efficient, the meaning of both compounds appears to be economical or cost-saving. I’d welcome the input of an economist who could provide contexts to show a difference in meaning between the compounds, if one in fact exists. Effective and efficient, on the other hand, belong to a group of adjectives relating to the idea of getting results. Their similarity in meaning is clear in these OED definitions: effective: Powerful in effect; producing a notable effect; effectual. efficient: Productive of effects; effective; adequately operative. effectual: That produces its intended effect, or adequately answers its purpose. efficacious: That produces, or is certain to produce, the intended or appropriate effect; effective. Like the readers who wrote to me, I see a significant difference between effective and efficient. I understand efficient to mean, â€Å"marked by ability to choose and use the most effective and least wasteful means of doing a task or accomplishing a purpose.† For example, burning the house down to get rid of termites would be effective, but not efficient. Here are some examples of suggested usage based on a note in the Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus: Use effective to describe something that produces a definite effect or result. Antony proved that he was an effective speaker by rousing the rabble against the men who killed Caesar. Use efficient when the intention is to imply skill and economy of energy in producing the desired result. In less than a year, the new treasurer’s efficient management resulted in the elimination of the organization’s enormous debt. Use effectual to describe something that produces the desired result in a decisive manner. Destroying the bridge proved to be an effectual strategy for stopping the invaders. Use efficacious to describe something that produces the desired effect. Ginger is an efficacious remedy for an upset stomach. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of Language7 Patterns of Sentence StructureShore It Up

Impacts Of Information Technology In Hospitality Industry Essay

Impacts Of Information Technology In Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Hospitality industries are one of the fastest growing industries globally, this has been attributed to the large number of client base that source their services. Hotels are omnipresent in almost every sphere and sector of the economy; as a result, they serve a wide variety of clients ranging from leaders on retreat, families, business meetings and travellers. The advances in technology have therefore played an integral role in the growth and developments of hotels and other related restaurant industries. The changing consumer behaviour patterns in the global market have forced business executives to device new ways of satisfying the needs of the customers. The retention and building a strong customer base is the current headache for most hotel and restaurant managers mainly due to rapid changing face of the industry. Employment of information technology in ensuring that the dynamic customer needs is catered for will promote the growth of hotel industries (Khosrow-pour, 2002). Competitive advantage in this troubled economy is the desire of all industries. Developing products that appeal to the needs of the customers can be the first steps towards building a proper business advantage. Information technology therefore presents several avenues of improving service delivery and consumer satisfaction in hotel businesses (Koutroumanis, 2011). ... Information technology therefore presents several avenues of improving service delivery and consumer satisfaction in hotel businesses (Koutroumanis, 2011). The use of advanced and sophisticated mobile and computer technology has been adopted in various levels of hotel management. Hotels have adopted interactive interface on the internet to communicate with their clients and prospective customers. As a result, service delivery has been tremendously improved as the clients desires and needs are incorporated in various spheres of hotel management. Information technology has had a tremendous change in the management and operation of hotels in the entire globe (Smith, 2002). This paper discusses the impacts that the ever changing face of information technology has had on the operation and success of hospitality industries in the world. The instruments of information technology that are employed in the hotel industry will be discussed, analyzing the impacts that they have and continue to c reate in the sector. Methodology This chapter reviews the methods that were used in the collection of data and information based on the objectives of the thesis. The study seeks to establish the current applications of information technology in hotels and related industries. The areas of applications of information technology and the current new tools of IT used will also be critically evaluated. This study also seeks to establish the effects of information technology in the management of hotels and how information technology increases competitive advantage in the industry. The tools employed in the process of data collection are also described within this chapter. Based on the nature of this research, the case study design is the

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Not sure - Essay Example However, the differences lie in the practicing of the religions. Confucianism does not go beyond establishing an ethical system. It is all about having a good behavior and that is it. Islam, however, has set of rules that are to be followed besides being good. Islam is a monotheist religion and it is a compulsion to pray five times a day to an Almighty God, who is the creator and maintainer of the universe. In Islam there are certain dos and don’ts; for instance, Muslims are not allowed to drink alcohol or eat pork, they have to abstain from pre-marital sex, and so on and so forth. Such rules are not found in Confucianism. Besides the rules, Islam was brought on by Prophet Muhammad who was commanded by the one God to spread His message. A book, Holy Quran, was revealed upon him. No such happenings occurred in Confucianism, and it was founded by Confucius who preached his own teachings and advised people how to live their lives to the fullest and

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Strategic Planning - Essay Example This creates a need for the capital projects to be well analysed and all details to be well understood to be able to evaluate the effects on the overall value of the firm. As seen in the definition, the capital projects help develop and increase the fixed assets of a company. This in turn helps the company earn higher levels of profits. The assets when fully utilised can be helpful in improving the overall productivity and output of the firm as well (Constantini, 2006). The main aim or objective of any capital project that is undertaken by a firm is to help the company’s assets to either be renewed or even to help replace the assets, to allow better performance and output. The affects of the capital decisions and investments have a two fold affect. Firstly they affect the operations of the firm. Secondly they have a great impact on the share prices of the firm as well. The decisions made have a strong impact and can make the stock prices rise or fall to a great extent. Hence the capital projects require to be very carefully considered and implemented as the affects of this can lead to very high profits while an error in this can be catastrophic for the company as well. It is also essential that the plans and investments that are made are in line with the strategic plans of the firms. For a business to invest in a capital project, it is essential to consider the project as a new business start up and the work on this very carefully as it involves, increasing the capacity of the firm, operations scales and also the investments on assets. As explained earlier, the capital projects lead to an increase in the fixed assets of the firm, which in turn has an impact on the scale of operations which thereby leads to increased operating profits for the firm. This complete process has an affect on the overall value of the firm. Hence this proves that the capital projects have a very

Nutrition and Vegetables Essay Example for Free

Nutrition and Vegetables Essay Vegetables are a very important part of our diet. Vegetables are an excellent source for fiber, vitamins A and C, potassium, calcium, and iron. Researchers have discovered that having a good diet of fruits and vegetables can lower blood pressure, reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke and possibly some types of cancers. It can also lower your risk of eye problems and digestive problems. Vegetables are eaten in a variety of ways such as main meals or for snacks. The nutritional content in vegetables can vary considerably. Most vegetables do not contain protein or fat. The dried beans, peas, and lentils are a good source of complex carbohydrates and can have high protein content. Sometimes these types of vegetables can be used to some extent as a meat substitute. Potatoes and corn are very starchy vegetables. These types of vegetables turn into sugar. Vegetables have a variety of colors. They can range from dark green to a beautiful orange color. The dark green vegetables are usually the leafy vegetables, and squash, pumpkin, and sweet potatoes are examples of the orange family. Some vegetables have a red/blue coloring such as eggplant and red cabbage. Many articles today have different ideas on the amount or servings of vegetables a person should eat per day. The amounts can range from two (2) up to nine (9) servings per day. The majority of nutrition specialists suggest 2-1/2 cups per day. Potatoes do not count in your servings per day! The best bet for servings are the dark leafy greens, tomatoes, and anything that is yellow, orange, or red color. According to the National Cancer Institute, not enough fruits and vegetables are produced or imported to supply all of the people in the United States for a healthy diet of five servings per person per day. Another problem affecting vegetable growth is bugs and insects. Scientific studies have been conducted that support the claim that insects attack plants that do not receive the proper balance of nutrients. The number of documented outbreaks of human infections associated with raw vegetables and unpasteurized fruit juices has increased in recent years. Most of the outbreaks were identified primarily as Salmonella. Tomatoes, seed sprouts, cantaloupe, apple juice and orange juice are the most recent vegetables to be linked to the Salmonella bacteria. The E. coli infection has been found in lettuce, sprouts, and apple juice. It is very hard to determine the source of contamination for the bacteria for vegetables. Unlike beef and chicken that are thoroughly inspected, methods for fresh produce are not as advanced. The contamination could occur at any point throughout the production process. Some of the potential sources of contamination include soil, feces, irrigation water, dust, insects, and human handling. Recently the Center for Disease Control has had a nationwide recall on alfalfa sprouts with the Salmonella bacteria and for romaine lettuce containing the E. coli bacteria. In conclusion, people have been consuming meats and vegetables since the beginning of time. I am sure many people died back in the beginning of time from the diseases and bacteria we have discovered today. We must consume meats and vegetables to survive. Humans cannot live on water alone. If individuals today will use common knowledge on preparing meats and vegetables, a lot of issues such as the contamination and bacteria would not exist. All in all the meats and vegetables today are safe and nutritious. If consumed in the right amounts, we will have a healthy, long, enjoyable life.

“Shane” by Jack Schaefer Essay -- Character Analysis

In the novel â€Å"Shane†, by Jack Schaefer, Marian, the wife of Joe and the mother of Bob is initially played out to be a very simple character. She cooks and cleans and cares for her family. She starts to develop a more complex character as Shane arrives. You can tell from the beginning that Marian wants to impress her guest with her cooking and her curiosity of the latest fashions. But as the novel progresses you begin to see that Marian may want more from Shane than originally shown. In the beginning of the story, Marian just thinks of Shane as a guest, she cooks and cleans for him and makes sure he is at home. However, from the start she was drawn to him. He was as she said â€Å" dangerous†, and she liked that. Marian liked that Shane was different and unfamiliar, and was impressed by his ...

Study Guide Bnc1

Chapter 13, Power and Politics – Learning Objectives 1. Define power and contrast leadership and power. 2. Contrast the five bases of power. 3. Explain the role of dependence in power relationships. 4. Identify nine power or influence tactics and their contingencies. 5. Show the connection between sexual harassment and the abuse of power. 6. Identify the causes and consequences of political behavior. 7. Apply impression management techniques. 8. Determine whether a political action is ethical. Chapter 13, Power and Politics – Section Outlines I.Power is the capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. A. Definition of power the ability to influence the behavior of others. 1. Potential 2. Dependency – B ’s relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires. B. Contrasting leadership and power. 1. Leaders use power as a means of attaining group goals. 2. Power does not require goal compati bility, but relies on dependency. 3. While leadership focuses on the downward influence of one's followers, power also deals with lateral and upward influence. II. Bases of powerA. Formal power = based on an individual’s position in an organization. 1. Coercive power: A power base that is dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to comply such as controlling by force of basic physiological or safety needs. 2. Reward power: Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable. 3. Legitimate (formal authority) power: The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization. B. Personal power = Influence derived from an individual’s characteristics. 1.Expert power: Influence based on special skills or knowledge. 2. Referent power: Influence based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. C. Dependency: The Key to Power 1. General depe ndency postulate: The greater B ’s dependence on A, the more power A has over B. 2. Factors creating dependency a. Importance – think of technology engineers of Gettyimages b. Scarcity – think of Ferruccio Lamborghini; he memorized the manual and destroyed it. c. Nonsubstitutability – the fewer viable substitutes for a resource, the more power control over that resource provides. III.Power Tactics: Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions. Rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and consultation tend to be the most effective, especially when the audience is highly interested in the outcomes of a decision process. A. Legitimacy: Relying on your authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules. B. Rational persuasion: Presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable. C. Inspirational appeals: Developing emotional commitment by appealing to a targetâ €™s values, needs, hopes, and aspirations.D. Consultation: Increasing the target’s support by involving him or her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan. E. Exchange: Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request. F. Personal appeals: Asking for compliance based on friendship or loyalty. G. Ingratiation: Using flattery, praise, or friendly behavior prior to making a request. H. Pressure: Using warnings, repeated demands, and threats. I. Coalitions: Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree. J. Political Skill: The ability to influence others in such a way as to enhance one’s objective.IV. Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace A. Any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual’s employment and creates a hostile work environment. B. Sexual harassment negatively affects job attitudes and leads those who feel harassed to withdraw from the organization. C. Some ways managers can protect themselves and their employees from sexual harassment: 1. Make sure an active policy defines what constitutes sexual harassment, informs employees they can be fired for sexually harassing another employee, and establishes procedures for making complaints. 2.Reassure employees they will not encounter retaliation if they file a complaint. 3. Investigate every complaint, and inform the legal and human resource departments. 4. Make sure offenders are disciplined or terminated. 5. Set up in-house seminars to raise employee awareness of sexual harassment issues. V. Politics: Power in Action A. Definition of Organizational Politics 1. Political behavior, in organization, consists of activities that are not required as part of an individual’s formal role but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization. . Legitimate political power b. Illegitimate political power VI. Causes and Consequence s of Political Behavior A. Factors contributing to political behavior 1. Individual factors 2. Organizational factors B. How do people respond to organizational politics? 1. Decreased job satisfaction 2. Increased anxiety and stress 3. Increased turnover 4. Reduced performance VII. Impression management VIII. The Ethics of Behaving Politically Chapter 13, Power and Politics – Key Terms †¢Power- A capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. Dependence – B ’s relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires. †¢Coercive Power – A power base that is dependent on fear of the negative results from failing to comply. †¢Reward power – Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable. †¢Legitimate power – The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization. †¢ Personal power – Influence derived from an individual’s characteristics. †¢Expert power – Influence based on special skills or knowledge. †¢Referent power – Influence based on identification with a person who has desirable esources or personal traits. †¢Power tactics – Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specifics actions. †¢Political skill – The ability to influence others in such a way as to enhance one’s objectives. †¢Sexual Harassment – Any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual’s employment and creates a hostile work environment. †¢Political behavior – Activities that are not required as part of a person’s formal role in the organization but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization. Impression Management (IM) – The process by which individuals attempt t o control the impression others form of them. †¢Defensive behaviors – Reactive and proactive behaviors to avoid action, blame, or change Chapter 17, Human Resources Policies and Procedures – Learning Objectives 1. Define initial selection, and identify the most useful methods. 2. Define substantive selection, and identify the most useful methods. 3. Define contingent selection, and contrast the arguments for and against drug testing. 4. Compare the four main types of training. 5. Contrast formal and informal training methods. 6.Contrast on-the-job and off-the-job training. 7. Describe the purposes of performance evaluation and list the methods by which it can be done. 8. Show how managers can improve performance evaluations. 9. Describe how organizations can manage work-family conflicts. Chapter 17, Human Resources Policies and Procedures – Section Outlines I. Selection Process A. Initial selection are the first information applicants submit and are used fo r preliminary rough cuts to decide whether the applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job. 1. Application forms including letters of recommendation 2. Background checks B. Substantive selection 1.Written tests 2. Performance-simulations tests a. Work sample tests: Hands-on simulations of part or all of the work that applicants for routine jobs must perform. b. Assessment centers: A set of performance-simulation tests designed to evaluate a candidate’s managerial potential. 3. Interviews have a disproportionate amount of influence on employee selection decisions. a. In addition to evaluating specific, job-related skills, managers are looking at personality characteristics and personal values to find individuals who fit the organization’s culture and image. C. Contingent selection 1. Drug test is a common contingent selection method. . Argument against drug testing: Drug is a private matter. II. Training and Development Programs A. Types of training 1. Basic lite racy skills 2. Technical skills has become increasingly important in organizations. 3. Interpersonal skills 4. Problem-solving skills 5. Ethics training B. Training methods 1. Formal training a. Types of formal training 1. On-the-job training (i)job rotation (ii)apprenticeship (iii)understudy assignments (iv)formal mentoring programs 2. Off-the-job training (i)classroom lectures (ii)internet courses is most likely to be the fastest growing training. (iii)public seminars (iv)videotapes 3.E-training b. Individualizing formal training to fit the employee’s learning style c. Evaluating effectiveness 2. Informal training III. Performance Appraisal A. Purposes of performance evaluation 1. Helps managers make human resource decisions 2. Assists in identifying training and development needs 3. Provides a criterion against which management validates selection and development programs 4. Provides feedback on employees 5. Basis for reward allocations – determine promotions, B. Wh at do we evaluate? 1. Individual task outcomes 2. Behaviors 3. Traits – least predictive set of criteria used to evaluate employees. C.Who should do the evaluating? 1. Immediate superior 2. Peers 3. Self-evaluation a. Lead to employees rating themselves highly b. Make excellent vehicles for stimulating job performance discussions between employees and their superiors c. Often low in agreement with superiors’ rating d. Tend to be biased estimates 4. Immediate subordinates 5. 360-degree evaluation is to pool feedback from all the employee’s customers or provide performances feedback from the full circle of daily contacts that an employee might have, ranging from mailroom personnel to customers to bosses to peers. D. Methods of performance evaluation 1.Written essays – does not require no complex forms or extensive training to complete. 2. Critical incidents – the evaluation method that focuses the evaluator’s attention on those behaviors that are key to executing a job effectively. 3. Graphic rating scales consider their usability in quantitative analysis 4. Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) – When an appraiser rates employees based on items on a continuum with the points reflecting actual behaviors on a given job 5. Forced comparisons a. Group order ranking requires the evaluator to place employees into a particular classification, such as top one-fifth or second one-fifth. . Individual ranking is an approach to performance evaluation rank-orders employees from best to worst. E. Suggestions for improving performance evaluations 1. Use multiple evaluators 2. Evaluate selectively 3. Train evaluators 4. Provide employees with due process F. Providing performance feedback 1. The human resources department is not supportive of the feedback process. IV. Managing Diversity in Organizations A. Work-life conflicts B. Diversity training V. Global Issues A. Selection B. Performance evaluations

Man as a social being Essay

Man is a social being and can never live a mundane routine always. Man undergoes different swings and moods in his daily life. Hence,the saying â€Å"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy† holds very true. Unlike a computer or any mechanical tool,man gets worn out or gets tired easily.He cannot perform any repeated activity continuously without a break. Let me take an example of a particular student who was a typical bookworm .He was very hardworking and he did studies and nothing else the whole day.Ironically,his marks never used to show the efforts he used to take.The reason for this paradox was that he always kept poring into books. He never used to take even a small interval of rest.This forced his mind to start daydreaming and remain in reveries. This would naturally affect his academic and over all performance in school activities. There is another reason to support this statement. On taking a break from a usual activities,say ,studies would give a pinch to the person. He/she would feel somewhat guilty for wasting his/her time into other activities.This would instigate the person to study harder and go in a faster rate with full concentration in his studies.Thus, even a half an hour break would save hours of time which would just be wasted in reveries . Taking a small interval of break would give a change to the mind .The person would feel refreshed to go back to work in a better mood. A person weared out or in a bad swing would feel joyous and happy if he/she takes a break by doing something interesting or even by taking rest for a while. One could take a break by involving in any sport activity or spend some time with a hobby. Going for sports could be a good time-pass.This will improve one’s health and naturally enrich one’s mind because a sound mind always dwells in a sound body.It would also improve a person’s talent in sports or other co-corricular activities like drawing,music etc.A person could improve himself in an over-all way,not only in work but also in play. Hence ,I strongly believe in this thought provoking phrase for it is not  always just work but also play that would make Jack a boy of brilliance.

The Life and Times of the Man Who Invented the Telephone essays

The Life and Times of the Man Who Invented the Telephone essays Alexander Graham Bell is remembered today as the inventor of the telephone, but he was also an outstanding teacher of the deaf and a prolific inventor of other devices. Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, to a family of speech educators. His father, Melville Bell, had invented Visible Speech, a code of symbols for all spoken sounds that was used in teaching deaf people to speak. Aleck Bell studied at Edinburgh University in 1864 and assisted his father at University College, London, from 1868-70. During these years he became deeply interested in the study of sound and the mechanics of speech, inspired in part by the acoustic experiments of German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz (1821-1894), which gave Bell the idea of telegraphing speech. When young Bell's two brothers died of tuberculosis, Melville Bell took his remaining family to the healthier climate of Canada in 1870. From there, Aleck Bell journeyed to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1871 and joined the staff of the Boston School for the Deaf. The following year, Bell opened his own school in Boston for training teachers of the deaf; in 1873 he became a professor of vocal physiology at Boston University, and he also tutored private pupils. Bell's interest in speech and communication led him to investigate the transmission of sound over wires. In particular, he experimented with development of the harmonic telegraph a device that could send multiple messages at the same time over a single wire. Bell also worked with the possibility of transmitting the human voice, experimenting with vibrating membranes and an actual human ear. Gardiner Hubbard (1822-1897) and Thomas Sanders, fathers of two of his deaf pupils backed Bell financially in his investigations. Early in 1874, Bell met Thomas A. Watson (1854-1934), a young machinist at a Boston electrical shop. Watson became Bell's indispensable assistant, bringing to Bell's experiments the crucial ingredient that had been la...

When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive…

When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive†¦ When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive By Maeve Maddox Ive written several posts about the error of beginning a sentence with an object form of the pronoun. For example: Me and my brother want to get matching tattoos. Her and her husband want to buy a digital camera. The neighbors and us decided In each of these examples, the pronoun is being used as the subject of a verb. Because the pronoun is standing as the subject of the verb, the subject form of the pronoun is called for: My brother and I want to She and her husband want The neighbors and we decided There is, however, a grammatical context in which the object form of a pronoun may correctly stand in front of a verb form. The exception occurs when a pronoun stands in front of an infinitive. Reminder: the infinitive form of the verb is the present form with to in front of it: Ex. to go, to seem, to run, etc. When a pronoun precedes an infinitive, it takes the object form: My mother wants me to learn computer programming. We never expected them to move away. The principal told him and the other boy to go home. Here, taken from the web, are some examples of pronoun errors with the infinitive: They told my friend and I to get up and move. I wanted he and I to watch our kids grow up together My parents expected my brother and I to do well in school. Corrections: They told my friend and me to get up and move. I wanted him and me to watch our kids grow up together My parents expected my brother and me to do well in school. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadAnyone vs. Everyone75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

The History and Geography of Iceland

The History and Geography of Iceland Population: 306,694 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: ReykjavikArea: 39,768 square miles (103,000 sq km)Coastline: 3,088 miles (4,970 km)Highest Point: Hvannadalshnukur at 6,922 feet (2,110 m)Iceland officially called the Republic of Iceland, is an island nation located in the North Atlantic Ocean, just south of the Arctic Circle. A large part of Iceland is covered with glaciers and snowfields and most of the countrys inhabitants live in the coastal areas because they are the most fertile regions on the island. They also have a milder climate than other areas. Iceland is highly active volcanically and has recently been in the news due to a volcanic eruption under a glacier in April 2010. The ash from the eruption caused disruptions all over the world. History of Iceland Iceland was first inhabited in the late 9th and 10th centuries. The main peoples to move to the island were the Norse and in 930 C.E., the governing body on Iceland created a constitution and an assembly. The assembly was called the Althingi.Following the creation of its constitution, Iceland was independent until 1262. In that year it signed a treaty which created a union between it and Norway. When Norway and Denmark created a union in the 14th century, Iceland became a part of Denmark.In 1874, Denmark gave Iceland some limited independent ruling powers, and in 1904 after a constitutional revision in 1903, this independence was expanded. In 1918, the Act of Union was signed with Denmark which officially made Iceland an autonomous nation that was united with Denmark under the same king.Germany then occupied Denmark during World War II and in 1940, communications between Iceland and Denmark ended and Iceland attempted to independently control all of its land. In May of 1940 though, B ritish forces entered Iceland and in 1941, the United States entered the island and took over defensive powers. Shortly thereafter a vote took place and Iceland became an independent republic on June 17, 1944.In 1946, Iceland and the U.S. decided to end U.S. responsibility for maintaining Icelands defense but the U.S. kept some military bases on the island. In 1949, Iceland joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and with the start of the Korean War in 1950, the U.S. again became responsible for defending Iceland militarily. Today, the U.S. is still Icelands main defensive partner but there are no military personnel stationed on the island and according to the U.S. Department of State, Iceland is the only member of NATO with no standing military. Government of Iceland Today Iceland is a constitutional republic with a unicameral parliament called the Althingi. Iceland also has an executive branch with a chief of state and head of government. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court called Haestirettur, which has justices who are appointed for life, and eight district courts for each of the countrys eight administrative divisions. Economics and Land Use in Iceland Iceland features a strong social-market economy typical of Scandinavian countries. This means its economy is both capitalistic with free-market principles but it also has a large welfare system for its citizens. Icelands main industries are fish processing, aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power, and hydropower. Tourism is also a growing industry in the country and the associated service-sector jobs are growing. In addition, despite its high latitude, Iceland has a relatively mild climate due to the Gulf Stream which allows its people to practice agriculture in the fertile coastal regions. The largest agricultural industries in Iceland are potatoes and green vegetables. Mutton, chicken, pork, beef, dairy products, and fishing also contribute considerably to the economy.   Geography and Climate of Iceland Iceland has a varied topography but it is one of the most volcanic regions in the world. Because of this, Iceland has a rugged landscape dotted with hot springs, sulfur beds, geysers, lava fields, canyons, and waterfalls. There are approximately 200 volcanoes in Iceland and most of them are active. Iceland is a volcanic island primarily because of its location on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge which separates the North American and Eurasian Earth plates. This causes the island to be active geologically as the plates are constantly moving away from each other. In addition, Iceland lies on a hotspot (like Hawaii) called the Iceland Plume which formed the island millions of years ago. As a result in addition to earthquakes, Iceland is prone to volcanic eruptions and features the aforementioned geologic features such as hot springs and geysers. The interior portion of Iceland is mostly an elevated plateau with small areas of forest but little land suitable for agriculture. In the north, however, there are extensive grasslands which are used by grazing animals such as sheep and cattle. Most of Icelands agriculture is practiced along the coast.Icelands climate is temperate because of the Gulf Stream. Winters are usually mild and windy and summers are wet and cool. References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, April 1). CIA - The World Factbook - Iceland. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ic.htmlHelgason, Gudjonand Jill Lawless. (2010, April 14). Iceland Evacuates Hundreds as Volcano Erupts Again. Associated Press. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20100609120832/infoplease.com/ipa/A0107624.html?Infoplease. (n.d.). Iceland: History, Geography Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107624.htmlUnited States Department of State. (2009, November). Iceland (11/09). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3396.htm Wikipedia. (2010, April 15). Geology of Iceland - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Iceland